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    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Table of Contents

  • In This Issue
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>... Read more »
  • Quantification of redox thermodynamics shifts within coacervates
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>SignificanceThe earliest enzymes are thought to have formed through the assembly of macromolecules into disordered, secondary phases known as coacervates. While these phases are believed to have played a role in early catalysis, the underlying mechanisms ...... Read more »
  • Digital tools for analyzing nondiffeomorphic shapes
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>SignificanceA key limitation to using geometric morphometrics is the lack of high-fidelity tools. The most powerful methods in geometric morphometrics require that the meshes are similar, but not all geometric data satisfy this requirement. The Euler ...... Read more »
  • The Kinship Formula: Inferring the numbers of all kin from any structured population projection model
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>SignificanceWe derive the Kinship Formula which yields the number of any kin from any structured population projection model. This formula should prove important across fields utilizing structured population dynamics. For example, it can assist ecologists ...... Read more »
  • Neurodevelopmental disorder–linked Argonaute mutations permit delayed RISC formation and unusual shortening of miRNAs by 3′→5′ trimming
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>Mutations in Argonaute proteins (AGOs) cause Argonaute syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We determined cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of wild-type (WT) AGO1 and the ...... Read more »
  • Advancing stochastic 3-SAT solvers by dissipating oversatisfied constraints
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>SignificanceHard decision problems, in computational complexity theory known as NP-complete, are of universal importance. From a conceptual perspective, an efficient solution to one such complete problem is tantamount to solving any other in the wide ...... Read more »
  • mTORC1 regulates autophagosomal components recycling through SNX16 phosphorylation
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 46, November 2025. <br/>SignificanceAutophagosomal components recycling (ACR) is a recently discovered recycling process responsible for the recycling of autophagosome outer membrane components from autolysosomes. The optimal function of this process is imperative for proper ...... Read more »

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    SciTechDaily

  • Hidden Brain Energy Leak Links Stress to Depression and Anxiety
    Scientists found that reduced ATP signaling in the hippocampus can trigger both depression and anxiety in mice. Lower ATP levels and a drop in connexin 43 expression appeared to make stressed animals more vulnerable. Manipulating this protein alone was enough to produce mood-related symptoms, while restoring it reversed them. ATP... Read more »
  • Scientists Freeze Brain Activity Mid-Message and Reveal Hidden Signals
    The zap-and-freeze approach let scientists observe ultrafast synaptic recycling in both mouse and human brain tissue, highlighting conserved molecular mechanisms. The technique could help reveal why communication breaks down in Parkinson’s and guide new treatment strategies. Breakthrough “Zap-and-Freeze” Imaging in Live Brain Tissue Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine report that... Read more »
  • Sleep Apnea Dramatically Raises Parkinson’s Risk, Study Finds
    New findings reveal that untreated obstructive sleep apnea can significantly raise the likelihood of developing Parkinson’s disease, but consistent CPAP use appears to dramatically cut that risk. Scientists suspect that repeated nightly drops in oxygen put long-term strain on neurons, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration. The results highlight how something as... Read more »
  • Mysterious Structures Discovered Beneath Earth May Explain Why Our Planet Supports Life
    A Rutgers researcher and collaborators have linked unusual geological anomalies to Earth’s molten origins and its unique habitability. For many years, researchers have struggled to understand two enormous and puzzling formations hidden deep within Earth. Their immense size and unusual traits make them difficult to reconcile with traditional ideas about... Read more »
  • Worse Than Predicted: Coastal Waters Are Acidifying at an Alarming Rate
    Some regions are acidifying faster than previously believed, posing an existential threat to coastal economies worldwide. New research from the University of St Andrews indicates that certain coastal regions are on track to experience far greater acidification than previously estimated. As atmospheric CO2 continues to rise, these areas are becoming... Read more »
  • Scientists Uncover Hidden Trigger Behind Volcanic Explosions
    Scientists have discovered that shear forces inside rising magma can create gas bubbles long before pressure drops occur. The intensity of a volcanic eruption is shaped by how many gas bubbles develop in the magma and at what point they appear. Until recently, scientists believed that most bubbles formed mainly... Read more »
  • The Hidden Belly Fat That Quietly Ages Your Brain
    People with more muscle and less visceral fat tend to have brains that appear biologically younger, according to advanced MRI-AI analysis. The results point toward lifestyle and therapeutic approaches that prioritize muscle preservation and targeted visceral fat reduction for better brain health. Muscle–Fat Balance Linked to Younger Brain Age Researchers... Read more »

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

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NEUROSCIENCE NEWS

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    Neuroscience News

  • AI Reveals Lions Don’t Just Roar, They Have a Second Call
    A new study reveals African lions produce two types of roars, overturning long-held assumptions and opening the door to more precise wildlife monitoring. Using machine learning, researchers automatically distinguished between full-throated and newly identified intermediary roars with over 95% accuracy, eliminating much of the human bias in vocal identification.... Read more »
  • What Triggers Tantrums? Sensory Overload May Be To Blame
    New research reveals a distinct brain activity signature in children who become overwhelmed by sensory input such as noise, touch, or bright lights. Using functional MRI, scientists found that overly sensitive children show reduced activation in outward-facing sensory and motor networks while increasing activation in inward-focused networks tied to cognition... Read more »
  • Brain Circuit That Forces Behavior Into “Repeat Mode” Identified
    A new study has identified a specific brain circuit that can push behavior into a compulsive “repeat mode,” forcing mice to continue digging and sniffing even when rewards are available. The circuit links the nucleus accumbens to the hypothalamus and then to the lateral habenula, a region involved in processing... Read more »
  • Genetics Plus Heart Health Markers Sharpen Dementia Risk
    New research shows that dementia risk is best predicted by combining genetic vulnerability with cardiovascular disease markers, revealing a more precise and actionable way to identify who is most likely to develop the condition. While genes such as APOE4 and family history contribute heavily, equally powerful are modifiable factors like... Read more »
  • Supplement Shows Promise in Blocking Amyloid in Alzheimer’s
    A new study shows that oral arginine, a naturally occurring amino acid, can significantly suppress amyloid-β aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease models. Researchers found that arginine not only prevented Aβ42 from clumping but also reduced plaques and inflammation in mouse and fruit fly models carrying Alzheimer’s-related mutations.... Read more »
  • Early Brain Activity Differences Predict Addiction Risk in Boys vs Girls
    A large-scale analysis of nearly 1,900 children found that those with a family history of substance use disorder show early differences in how their brains transition between activity states, long before any drug exposure. Girls with family history showed increased transition energy in introspective networks, suggesting greater difficulty shifting out... Read more »
  • Screen Time in Tweens Predicts ADHD, Slower Brain Growth
    A large, two-year study of nearly 12,000 children found that higher screen time at ages 9–10 predicts an increase in ADHD symptoms, independent of a child’s starting symptom level. Brain imaging revealed that heavy screen use is associated with smaller cortical volume and disrupted development in regions critical for attention,... Read more »

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